Measurement of Liability to Addiction: Dimensional Approaches

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Published: Feb 2, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v6i4.612
Keywords:
person centered medicine risk resistance phenotype drug abuse phenotyping

Main Article Content

Michael Vanyukov
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Marie Cornelius
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Natacha De Genna
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Maureen Reynolds
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Galina Kirillova
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Brion Maher
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Levent Kirisci
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Abstract

 Background:   Biomedical research and its applications, particularly in complex disorders, have historically been guided by the group-defined disease-oriented perspective rather than a person-centered health-oriented approach. This has been an obstacle to the development of prevention and treatment methods. There is thus a need to redirect studies to augment diagnostic systems with individualized phenotypic measurement.  Objectives:   The goal of this paper is to develop a pragmatic dimensional perspective on the complex traits underlying probabilities of disorder development.  Method: Selective literature review of the foundation and methods for measuring liabilities to complex disorders and its aspects, and consultation on practical approaches.  Results:  The paper presents novel applications of the person-centered principle in psychiatric research, particularly addiction science, which can be used in any translation-oriented etiological health studies. These applications focus on the quantitative measurement of the individual phenotype along the full scale of the latent trait of liability and its understudied aspect, resistance to the disorder. Conclusions:  The novel perspective and methodology we introduce facilitate a shift from the group-defined “disease” to the person-centered individual liability phenotype, and from the factors that lead to and determine risk for disease to the mechanisms that result in health and determine resistance to a disorder. 

Article Details

Issue
Vol. 6 No. 4 (2016)
Section
Regular Articles

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