International Journal of Person Centered Medicine

Bogotá Declaration 2023

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Effect of Patient-Centered Care for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review

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Background and aims: Type 2 diabetes is a major global health issue that often requires intensive self-management by patients to control disease progression and prevent complications. Person Centered Care (PCC), which involves the active participation of patients in their care, is gaining recognition for enhancing self-efficacy, glycemic control, and quality of life in diabetes management. This scoping review provided understanding on the effectiveness of patient-centered self-management education in individuals with type 2 diabetes, examining both the clinical and psychosocial impacts of PCC in managing diabetes.

Methods: Following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, 31 studies were reviewed, including randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and qualitative analyses.

Results: Of the 13,395 titles identified, 31 articles were selected for inclusion in this review. The studies consistently showed positive effects of PCC interventions on various outcomes, including improved HbA1c levels, quality of life, diabetes self-management behaviours, and psychological well-being. Behavioral improvements, such as adherence to diet and exercise, were also observed, although some studies reported limited efficacy in altering lifestyle behaviours.

Conclusion: The review highlights that PCC strategies, when customized to each patient’s needs, can significantly enhance self-management capacities and health outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Future research should explore optimal PCC approaches and mechanisms to better support patients’ long-term diabetes management.

Person-Centric Packaging: Enhancing Medication Adherence in Diabetes Management in India

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Background and aim: This study focuses on Person-Centric Packaging (PCP) as a means to enhance medication adherence in diabetes management through innovative packaging designs. The use of Alu-Alu strips with eye-catching, identifiable designs was evaluated to assess its impact on adherence.
Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used, including surveys conducted with 14,396 healthcare professionals and 127 people with diabetes. Respondents were asked about their preferences between designed and plain strips, as well as the challenges they faced with standard packaging.
Results: Among healthcare professionals, 99.7% favored designed strips over plain ones. People with diabetes reported confusion in identifying the correct medication (39.4%) and forgetfulness (16.5%) with standard silver strips. The designed strips were preferred for easier identification (35%), unique appearance (25%), enhanced convenience (20%), and elderly-friendly features (20%).
Conclusion: Attractive and Person-Centric Packaging significantly improved medication adherence by addressing key challenges like confusion and forgetfulness. The study highlights the importance of thoughtful design in enhancing adherence, particularly for older adults, and suggests that PCP can improve health outcomes in diabetes management.

The Heart of Health: Person-Centred Solutions for Tackling Obesity in the Caribbean

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Background: Obesity has emerged as a critical public health issue across the Caribbean, with significant implications for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Traditional approaches to addressing obesity, which focus on population-wide strategies, have often failed to acknowledge the individual and contextual factors that drive obesity rates in the region. A person-centred approach offers a more comprehensive framework that emphasizes individualized care, cultural sen-
sitivity, and multidisciplinary engagement.

Objective: This paper proposes a shift towards a person-centred approach in obesity prevention and management in the Caribbean, highlighting its potential to address the unique cultural, social, and environmental determinants of obesity in the region.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted through PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies published between 2014 and 2024. The review analyzed person-centred care models, obesity prevalence, and interventions specifically within the Caribbean context.

Results: The literature reveals high rates of obesity in the Caribbean with a notable lack of culturally tailored interventions. Person-centred models—characterized by individualized
assessment, goal setting, culturally appropriate interventions and psychosocial support—show promise in enhancing obesity management outcomes. Integration of multidisciplinary teams and community engagement are key components of this model.

Conclusion: A person-centred approach addresses the limitations of population-level interventions by recognizing the socioeconomic, cultural, and psychological factors contributing to obesity in the Caribbean. Such an approach can promote sustainable behavior changes and improve health outcomes through tailored, individualized care.

Enhancing Diabetic Retinopathy Care: A Person-Centered Approach

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a leading cause of preventable blindness, presenting significant challenges for both people and healthcare systems. Traditional DR management predominantly focuses on clinical interventions, such as retinal screening and pharmacological or surgical treatments, often overlooking the broader human aspects of care. This paper explores the integration of person-centered care (PCC) in DR management, emphasising the importance of individualised care that addresses medical, emotional, and social factors as well as other key aspects of person centered medicine such as collaborative diagnosis and shared care decision-making. Implementing PCC, facilitated by advancements in telemedicine and digital health tools, offers a unique opportunity to improve person engagement and disease-related and well-being outcomes. Through shared decision-making, tailored education, psychosocial support, and effective communication, PCC helps to address key barriers in DR care, such as health literacy and patient and family participation in the care process. The emphasis on thoughtful communication between healthcare professionals and patients builds trust, empowers patients to take an active role in their own care, and ultimately improves health outcomes. This holistic and collaborative approach enhances clinical results and increases patient satisfaction and overall well-being, offering a transformative framework for care.

Case Review on Patient-Centered Decision-Making: GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Family History of Medullary Thyroid Cancer

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Person-centered Diabetes Care

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